Structural Design

1. Monotube Shock Absorber

Features a single cylinder separating gas and oil with a floating piston. Offers better heat dissipation and performance under extreme conditions (common in racing and heavy-duty vehicles).  

2. Twin-Tube Shock Absorber

Uples two concentric tubes: an inner working cylinder and an outer reservoir. Cost-effective and widely used in passenger vehicles.  

Working Principle  

1. Hydraulic Shock Absorber

A hydraulic damper uses pressurized oil to absorb and dissipate kinetic energy. It relies on fluid passing through valves or orifices to generate damping force. Widely used in automotive and industrial applications due to its reliability and cost-effectiveness.  

2. Pneumatic/Gas-Charged Shock Absorber 

Incorporates compressed gas (usually nitrogen) to reduce fluid foaming and improve consistency under heavy loads. Common in high-performance vehicles and off-road suspensions.  

3. Electromagnetic Damper

Uses electromagnetic fields to adjust damping force. Subtypes include:  

4. Magnetorheological (MR) Damper

Contains MR fluid that changes viscosity under a magnetic field, enabling real-time damping adjustments (e.g., in luxury cars and adaptive suspensions).